Pama-Nyungan phylogenetics

Bowern and Atkinson (2012): Computational phylogenetics and the internal structure of Pama-Nyungan. Language 88(4): pp. 817-845 (DOI: 10.1353/lan.2012.0081)

We present the first proposal of detailed internal subgrouping and higher-order structure of the Pama-Nyungan family of Australian languages. Previous work has identified more than twenty-five primary subgroups in the family, with little indication of how these groups might fit together. Some work has assumed that reconstruction of higher nodes in the tree was impossible, either because extensive internal borrowing has obscured more remote relations, or because the languages are not sufficiently well attested (see, for example, Bowern & Koch 2004b, Dixon 1997). With regard to the first objection, work by Alpher and Nash (1999) and Bowern and colleagues (2011) shows that loan levels are not high enough to obscure vertical transmission for all but a few languages. New data remove the second objection. Here we use Bayesian phylogenetic inference to show that the Pama-Nyungan tree has a discernible internal subgrouping. We identify four major divisions within the family and discuss the implications of this grouping for future work on the family.

The role of codeswitched input to children in the origin of a new mixed language

The role of codeswitched input to children in the origin of a new mixed language

1University of Michigan

Citation Information: Linguistics. Volume 50, Issue 2, Pages 305–340, ISSN (Online) 1613-396X, ISSN (Print) 0024-3949, DOI: 10.1515/ling-2012-0011, April 2012

Publication History:
Received:
2010-07-17
Revised:
2011-07-21
Published Online:
2012-04-28

Abstract

 

Light Warlpiri is a mixed language, with Warlpiri and Aboriginal English/Kriol as its sources. It was developed by a group who received codeswitched input in a baby talk register from when they were young. The innovating group conventionalized the input they received and developed morphosyntactic structures beyond those in the input. The development of Light Warlpiri shows that commonly occurring processes in language contact situations, codeswitching and re-analyses of existing forms, play an important role in the extreme outcome of the development of a mixed language, through a two-part process: a) an adult group directed codeswitched speech to children, and b) the children conventionalized and expanded the morphosyntactic structures they heard. The new code is an in-group language and did not emerge in order to indicate a new dual-cultural identity, but since its development it has come to signal the identity of young Warlpiri from Lajamanu.

http://www.degruyter.com/dg/viewarticle/j$002fling.2012.50.issue-2$002fling-2012-0011$002fling-2012-0011.xml;jsessionid=6AC245BC949B1395B6B352848C832237